| CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE |
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| Year : 2023 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 3 | Page : 142-145 |
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Hemolytic disease of newborn following anti-C and anti-S alloimmunization: A case report with review of literature
Shrutiprajna Kar, Monalisa Pradhan, Tapas Som, Pankaj Kumar Mohanty
Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Correspondence Address:
Pankaj Kumar Mohanty
Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar - 753 019, Odisha
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/ipcares.ipcares_39_23
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Background: Non-Rhesus D antigen non-ABO, minor blood group alloimmunization in pregnant women is being increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of the hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). We report severe HDFN in a neonate born to an Rh-positive mother with sickle cell disease, following anti-C and anti-S alloimmunization. Clinical Description: A male baby born to a repeatedly transfused mother with sickle cell disease developed severe jaundice at 22 h of life. The baby was found to have severe anemia and indirect hyperbilirubinemia, but no encephalopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or features of sepsis. Management and Outcome: His blood group was O positive and the direct Coombs test was 4+. Minor blood group typing showed the presence of anti-C and anti-S antibodies. The baby improved after receiving a double-volume exchange transfusion with matched blood and phototherapy. Conclusion: Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) may be caused by minor blood group alloimmunization, especially seen in mothers with a history of multiple transfusions. Antenatal screening for alloimmunization in high-risk mothers can ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of HDN and prevent the harmful effects of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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